Site Prep for Successful Turf Establishment

Proper site preparation is the foundation of a healthy, long-lasting turf. Whether establishing cool-season turfgrasses such as tall fescue, perennial ryegrass, Kentucky bluegrass, or warm season turf like buffalograss, eliminating competition and preparing the soil correctly will greatly improve germination, establishment, and long-term performance.

Controlling Existing Vegetation

All existing vegetation should be eliminated prior to seeding. Removing established grasses and perennial weeds is critical, as they compete directly with newly seeded turf for light, water, and nutrients.

Several non-selective herbicides are available for site preparation, with Round-Up being one of the most commonly used and least toxic options when applied according to label directions. Always follow product labels carefully for proper usage and safety.

Planning ahead allows the best chance for success, as multiple herbicide applications may be necessary to fully control established vegetation, cool-season sod-forming grasses, or perennial weeds. Fall applications are often most effective, with follow-up treatments in early spring if needed. Thorough vegetation control is especially important for low-input turf options such as buffalograss, where long-term weed pressure is minimized through proper establishment rather than ongoing inputs.

Tillage as an Alternative Control Method

Repeated light tillage is an effective alternative to herbicides for controlling unwanted vegetation. In areas with dense sod or heavy weed pressure, a full season of repeated tillage may be required before planting.

Remove any thatch and plant residue by raking, bagging, or shredding. Once vegetation is controlled, prepare a clean, firm seedbed. Ideally, the seedbed should be uniform and level, with the surface firm enough to walk on without sinking in more than ½ inch. 

A properly prepped seedbed is one of the most important factors in successful turf establishment and is key to achieving uniform germination.

Soil Fertility and Amendments

A starter fertilizer containing slow-release nitrogen is recommended to support early seedling development. On disturbed soils, such as new construction, areas with fill dirt, or around utilities, adding soil amendments is important to improve soil structure, water infiltration, and seedling vigor.

For best results, a soil test is recommended prior to planting. Soil testing helps identify nutrient deficiencies, pH issues, or other soil limitations and allows fertility to be adjusted based on the turf species being established.

Cool-season turfgrasses respond well to adequate fertility during establishment, while warm-season species such as buffalograss have different input requirements. See our Buffalograss Establishment & Management Guide for more information on planting buffalograss.

Last Updated: January 21, 2026