Site Prep for Successful Prairie Planting

Proper site preparation is one of the most important factors in the successful establishment of wildflowers, prairie grasses, and native plantings. Eliminating existing competition before planting gives seedlings the best chance to establish strong root systems and long-term vigor.

Controlling Undesirable Vegetation

All undesirable plants should be eliminated prior to planting using either herbicide applications, light tillage or a combination of methods. Removing aggressive cool-season sod-forming grasses and other perennial weeds is critical to success, as these species can quickly outcompete newly planted wildflowers and native grasses.

Several non-selective herbicides are available for this purpose, with Round-Up being one of the most commonly used and least toxic options when applied according to label instructions. Always follow product labels carefully for proper usage and safety guidelines.

Planning and working a year ahead will provide the greatest chance for complete control, as multiple herbicide applications may be required. For cool-season sod-forming grasses, a fall herbicide application is typically the most effective, followed by an additional treatment in early spring if necessary. Controlling these grasses is essential, as they can return and invade your planting in future years if not fully eliminated.

Tillage as an Alternative Control Method

Repeated light tillage is another effective option for controlling unwanted vegetation. In cases of dense sod-forming grasses, a full season of repeated tillage may be required prior to planting to achieve adequate control.

Early spring weed flushes can often be managed with one or two shallow tillage passes to destroy new growth before planting. If a no-till grass drill is not being used, dead thatch and plant material must be removed through burning, raking, or tillage. Ensuring good seed-to-soil contact may be the single most important factor in achieving successful establishment.

Soil Fertility and Amendments

In areas that show difficulty in establishment, a soil test is recommended to identify nutrient deficiencies or other soil-related issues that may need to be addressed prior to planting.

On disturbed soils, such as areas around new construction, areas with fill dirt, or around utilities, adding soil amendments can help improve germination conditions and maintain seedling vigor.

While native plants are highly efficient users of water and nutrients and do not typically require fertilizers, the use of a starter fertilizer with slow-release nitrogen can be applied to support early seedling development. While the presence of additional nutrients during establishment can encourage healthy root and vegetative growth, overapplication will often promote increased weed competition.

Last Updated: January 21, 2026